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Islamic
scholar
Ahmed Raza Khan |
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Title
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Ala
Hazrat
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Born
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Died
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1921
(aged 64–65)
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Ethnicity
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Era
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Modern
era
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Region
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Jurisprudence
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Creed
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Main interest(s)
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Ahmed Raza Khan Fazil-e-Barelvi (Urdu: احمد رضاخان, Hindi: अहमद रज़ा खान, 1856 –1921 CE or 10/10/1272__25/02/1340 AH, born & died Bareilly, UP), popularly known as Aala Hazrat, was a Hanafi Sunni, the
leader of the Sunni Muslims and founded theBarelvi movement of South Asia. Raza Khan wrote on numerous topics,
including law, religion, philosophy and the sciences. He was a prolific writer,
producing nearly 1,000 works in his lifetime.
Early life
His father was Naqi Ali Khan, his grand father was Raza Ali Khan and his
great-grandfather Shah Kazim Ali Khan was a noted Sunni scholar. and
Ahmad was born on 14 June 1856 in Jasuli, one of the areas of Bareilly
Sharif, united India. His birth name is Mohammad however his grandfather called
him Ahmad Raza and his mother named him Amman Miyān. He became famous with the name which was kept by his grandfather Khan
used the appellation "Abdul Mustafa" (slave [or servant] of Mustafa) prior to signing his name in
correspondence. He studied Islamic sciences and completed a traditional Dars-i-Nizami course under the
supervision of his father Naqī Áli Khān, who was a legal scholar. He went on the Hajj with
his father in 1878.
Beliefs
Ahmed Raza Khan's beliefs regarding Muhammad include:
·
Muhammad,
although human, possessed a noor (light) that predates
creation. This contrasts with the Deobandi view that Muhammad
was insan-e-kamil ("the complete
man"), a respected but physically typical human.
·
He
is haazir naazir (can
be present in many places at the same time, as opposed to God, who is
everywhere by definition).
·
God has
granted him ilm-e-ghaib (the
knowledge of the unseen).
Raza Khan wrote:
We do not hold that anyone can equal the
knowledge of Allah Most High, or possess it independently, nor do we assert
that Allah’s giving of knowledge to the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him
peace) is anything but a part. But what a patent and tremendous difference
between one part [the Prophet’s] and another [anyone else’s]: like the
difference between the sky and the earth, or rather even greater and more
immense.
—Ahmed Raza Khan, al-Dawla al-Makkiyya (c00), 291.
Opposition
to other sects
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed to be the Mahdi (Promised Messiah) awaited by the Muslims as
well as by Chirstians and other religions and was a prophet within the folds of Islam . These claims proved to be
extremely controversial among many in the Muslim community, and he was branded
a heretic and apostate by many religious scholars of the time,
including Ahmed Raza Khan. Ghulam Ahmad's claims are controversial to this day,
but his Mahdi status and prophethood is believed in by the Ahmadiyya sect. Though, Pakistan in
1974, have officially declared the Ahmadiyya sect non-Muslims.
When Ahmed Raza visited Mecca and Medina for
pilgrimage in 1905, he prepared a draft document entitled Al Motamad Al Mustanad("The
Reliable Proofs") for presentation to the scholars of Mecca and Medina.
Ahmed Raza Khan collected opinions of the ulama of the Hejaz and
compiled them in an Arabic language compendium with the title, Husam al Harmain ("The
Sword of Two Sanctuaries"), a work containing 34 verdicts from 33 ulama
(20 Meccan and 13 Medinese). In that work, which was to inspire a reciprocal
series of fatwas between Barelvis and Deobandis lasting to the present, Ahmad
Raza denounced askuffar the Deobandi leaders Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, and Muhammad Qasim Nanotwi.[
Opposition
to heterodox practices
·
Qawali (religious music) and Sufi whirling, which he opposed as un-Islamic. Khan issued a
fatwa in which he quoted the sayings of the Chisti Sufi order demonstrating their view that
musical instruments are forbidden in Islam.
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