Early
life
Malik Deenar was from the generation of the Sahabi. He is called a reliable traditionalist,
transmitted from
such authorities as Malik ibn Anas and Ibn Sirin.
He was the son of a Persian slave from Kabul who became a disciple of Hasan al-Basri.
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| Malik Deenar |
He
accepted Islam directly from Muhammed. He went to the Indian
Subcontinent by the order of Muhammed with Tajuddeen Cheraman
Perumal, who also accepted Islam.
Reason behind
the voyage of Malik Deenar
Ten
years after the arrival of Cheraman Perumal, with Muhammed's journey to heaven, the news took them all
back to Medina. But a few days later Malik Ibn Habeeb came to see the sacred
visage in his dream. Muhammed advised them never reject sultan’s words to carry
on their mission to India as
fast as they can. Muhammed added: “The journey is more useful, it will fetch
many pleasant things.” Hearing these holy words, they began to prepare for the
journey, for that they arranged two ships. Sharaf Ibn Malik Deenar, his brother
Malik Deenar, Malik Ibn Habeeb, his wife Qumariya, his children, and some
slaves soon set out for Malabar. One of their ships anchored in Madurakkara (Tamil
Nadu), which was called ‘Taqipatanam’ in
ancient times. In that place Taqudeen became the Amir and erected there a Juma
mosque.
Years
later, Sharaf Ibn Malik, Malik Deenar, Malik Ibn Habeeb with his family arrived
in Cranganore.
They, entrusted, handled the royal letters to his successors and local kings.
But the news of his demise was kept secret.
Assistance of
the royal kingdom and the construction of 11 mosques
Cheraman’s
successors gave away lands for their accommodation, and right there they built
a
mosque. They had brought three precious stones from Makkah which were the remains from building of Ka’ba. It was
in the eleventh day from Rajab. The lands from the east to river, East 20
carpenter’s rods (one carpenter’s rod equals to one and quarter of a cubit).
North 25 rods (18 m; 58 ft) and fifty rods from the west came under
the wakaf properties. Mohammed Ibn Malik Deenar became the Qazi of this moque.
Then their residing caused dispute between Muslims and Jewish families. So, some of them settled in other
places. But Malik Deenar remained right in Crananore and dispatched his nephew
Malik Ibn Habeeb to various parts of Kerala to built mosques. Malik Ibn Habeeb
went toKollam with his family and properties. Right there he erected
a mosque. There he put a stone which they brought from Makkah. It was Friday,
second day from Ramzan (21 Hijra), 50 rods (36 m; 120 ft) from the
east of that mosque, 60 rods from the west, 40 rods from the south, the land to
the sea from the north became wakaf under the mosque. Hasan Ibn Malik was the
Qazi of that mosque. Malik Ibn Deenar nominated his own son-in-law as the
‘Sheha Bandar’ of the country. His name was Abdul Aziz Ibn Zainudin Simanai.
Soon Islam became more popular in Kollam.
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| Malik Deenar Jumah Masjid |
Malik
Ibn Deenar called Malik IBn Habeeb back to Cranganore. Malik Ibn Habeeb spent
his later days treating his uncle further; he made a journey to Heli abiding by
his words, with his companions. He built a mosque in Heli, and he placed the
last stone they brought from Makkah. It was 10th day of Dulhijja (Bakrid),
(21-Hijra). His son Abdul Rahman Ibn Malik was appointed as the Qazi and
Afeefudhin Ibn Majidudhin the shaka Bandar of the place married one of the daughters
of Malik Ibn Habeeb. Thereafter, Malik Deenar went to Barakur (Udupi District)
14 and built there a mosque. (Raheul avla 10, 22nd Hijra), 70 rods from the
south, 50 rods in North, 80 rods from East and West came under the Wakaf
properties of the mosque. He nominated his son Ibrahim as the Qazi. Later he
went to Mangalapuram and built a mosque (Jumadul aval 27, 22nd Hijra). 60 rods
from all the four sides came under its properties. His son, Moosa Ibn Malik was
delegated as the Qazi there. His nephew Noorudhin Ali Ibn Nisidal Misri was
appointed as the shaka Bandar ofManglore.
Malik Deenar
Mosque in Kasaragod
Thereafter he set out for Kasaragod and
made there a mosque in Thalangara 15, (Rajab 18, 22 nd Hijra). Malik Ibn Muhammad his
grandson, was delegated as the Qazi of the mosque. The parts extending to the
town from the east to the river from the west, and 40 rods from each of north
and the south was preserved under the Wakaf properties. Later Malik Ibn Deenar
stayed at ‘Heli’ 16 for 3 days, then he went to Cherupatanam 17 and built there
a mosqur on (sha’ban 1, Hijra, 22)nominated shihabudhin Ibn umara, his grandson
as the Qazi of the mosque. The Wakaf properties there: 70 rods from the East
100 rods from the South, to the bank of river in North, and West. Soon he left
for Darmapattanam, and built a mosque there on Hijra 29th day of sha’aban.
Malik
Ibn Habbeb appointed his grandson ussain Ibn Muhammad as the Qazi and his
grandson Muhammad Ibn Ahmed as its shaka Bandar. Then he went to ‘Pranthareena’
and built a mosque on this sea shore on (shavval 21, Hijra 22). He nominated
Zainudhin Ibn Malik as the Qazi as well as the shaka Bandar of the place.
Chaliyam Juma
Masjid
He
returned to the Chaliyam and built a mosque there, and Zainudhin Ibn Muhammad
was nominated as Qazi. Malik Ibn Habeeb stayed there for 5 days, and Usman Ibn
Hussainul Ansari was the shaka Bandar of the place. Later he went to
‘Cranganore’ and met his uncle. Thereafter he took a journey to visit the
mosque they built. And then he returned to Cranganore praising the Almighty
Allah for he found Islam spreading among the atheists, he called on Malik
Deenar in person and informed him of all the affairs in detail.
The historical
facts
The
history of Kerala including the stories of Cheraman Perumal and Malik Deenar is
very complicated and intricate. Many historians,failed in their pursuits to
separate its wheat from chaff. K.M Panikkar, a famous historian says:
“The
history of Kerala till
the half of 9th century remains gloomy. It is extremely inevitable for the
advanced tomorrows to keep the past foot prints unblemished. We can see many
Qur’anic verses of past generation’s history which gave guidance for Muhammed.
We clearly see the life styles of Muhammed. These are two things which are ideal
for true believers. One, who studies the history of Kerala, may bring some
questions about the conversion of Cheraman Perumal to Islam, is it fallacy? Was
it occurred in the time Muhammed? Who brought here the message of Islam? Is it
the disciple of Muhammed? Or the Muslims of later generations, where do lie the
graves of Cheraman Perumal and Malik Deenar? We can easily find out much
deference in historical records.
He
is said to have ordered the building of the first Indian mosque, Cheraman Juma Masjid built in 629 A.D, purportedly at the behest of the
contemporaneous Cheraman Perumal ruler (who is considered the first Indian
Muslim). This was during the lifetime of Muhammad. It was built in Kodungallur,
in the district of Thrissur, Kerala by Deenar.
Malik Deenar
Uroos
Malik
Deenar Uroos (مالك دينار عروس) is the one of the observations of Indian muslims to
celebrate the arrival of Malik Deenar to Kerala,
India. It is conducted in the holy month of muharram and lasts for one month. It includes various rituals
such as the Ziyarath (visiting
of tomb), Patakayarthal (flag
hosting) and Annadanam (poor
feeding).
Legacy
Malik Deenar (r) Kasaragod Andyavisramam Kollunna Swahabi
Malik
Deenar (r) Kasaragod Andyavishram Kollunna Swahabi is an oeuvre done by Twaqa
Ahmed Musliyar Al Ashari, Qazi of Mangalore and prominent scholar of Malabar region. Books deal with history of Malik Deenar, the
disciple of prophet Muhammad,
in order to reveal the fact lingering on his arrival, life and demise. It
deals with the pre Malik Deenar period in Kerala as well as his life.
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