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Muhammed Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui
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Born
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Died
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March 24, 1962 (91 years)
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Other names
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Bahr Ul Uloom Allama Maulana
Alhaj Mohammed Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui Qadri, "Hasrat" (Pen Name)
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Muhammed
Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui (1871–1962)
(Arabic: محمد
عبدالقدير صديقى ) was an Islamic theologian, Qur'anic exegete,
poet, and a Sufi of Southern India. Born in the city of Hyderabad, Siddiqi was
the first Dean of the faculty of Theology of
the newly established Osmania University, built
by the Nizam VII Osman Ali Khan of the State of Hyderabad. Due to his knowledge of Islamic Sciences, Siddiqi
was always referred to by his peers and followers as Bahr Ul Uloom (ocean
of knowledge). He compiled poetry inArabic, Persian,
and Urdu and adopted the pen name
of Hasrat. He belonged to
a family of many titles, but shunned them and referred to himself as
"Maulvi", an appellation of his Shaikh during his childhood.
Life
Known
among his close spiritual disciples as Qadeer Piya or "Qadeer the
Beloved", Siddiqui was a descendant of the first Islamic Caliph, Abu Bakr. His
ancestors came from Cheenak, a small town near the city of Ahmedabad in the modern Indian State of Gujarat. He
acquired his initial education through individual spiritual teachers and later
passed private examinations from University of Punjab from where he received the degrees of Maulvi Fazil and Munshi Fazil. At the age of fifteen
when he received his first degree of Maulvi, he started his career as a Mufti. After the establishment of Osmania University he
served there are Dean of Theology. After retirement, he continued to educate
people at his private home. He died in 1962 and is buried in the town of Siddiq
Gulshan, Hyderabad. A dome is currently being constructed on his grave and is
expected to be as high as 117 feet.
His death
anniversary is commemorated every year on the 16th, 17th and 18th of the
Islamic month of Shawwal. Many
biographies have been written including "Toor Tajalli", "Yaad-e-Hasrat
Ayaat" (compiled by his son Dr. Moosa Abdurrehman Siddiqui), and
"Abdullah" (a 600 pages book compiled by his grandson, Muhammad
Anwaruddin siddique). All three are in Urdu language and in print.
Spiritual Masters
His first
spiritual master was his maternal uncle, Muhammad Siddiq Hussaini, who had
produced many generations of Sufi teachers like Ahmad Ali Shah, Mahmood Makki,
Omar Hussaini, Osman Hussaini, Hazrat Syed Yahya Husaaini, Abdul Muqtadir
Siddiqui Fazl, Baqir Hussaini and many more. Muhammad Siddiq had many titles
but most famous was "Mahbooballah" (Beloved of God). After the death of his Shaikh, Siddiqi who was
24 years old, travelled all over the Muslim world and benefited from the
knowledge and wisdom of many other scholars and spiritual doctors. However
whenever he said "My Shaikh", it meant Shaikh Siddiq(Mahbooballah).
He used to say, "My grandfather is Siddiqi [a reference to his ancestor
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq] and my shaikh is siddiq. I am a Siddiqui from every
angle".
Students
Academic Students
He had
thousands of students as a professor of theology in Osmania University. Some
notable ones were:
·
Sayyid
Muhammad Badshah Husaini - Appointed to address in the grand Makkah Masjid after the Jumu'ah prayers
·
Dr. Syedd
Abdul Latif - Famous English critic
·
Abul Fazl
Syed Mahmood Quadri, Former Sessions Judge
·
Abu Turab
Ali Siddiqui, who was the only son tutored by him in Osmania University.
Signature of Maulvi Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui,where م
denotes Mohammed, ع denotes Abdul, ق denotes Qadeer.
Music and poetry Students
He
trained a number of students in Sufi poetry, most notable being his grandson
Waqar Siddiqui whose Qawwalies were sung by famous Qawwals such as Nusrat Fateh
Ali Khan.
He also
trained many Qawwals in the spiritual aspects of Qawwali. That included
internationally famous Qawwals like Raziuddin, Bahauddin, Manzoor among others,
whose children are now performing at international levels such as Coke Studio
of Pakistan.
Spiritual Successors
He had
ninety two spiritual successors, during his lifetime, the last one being his
grandson Hussain Ataullah Siddiqi. Their followers are in thousands, spread all
over the world. Each specialized in at least one branch of art of knowledge.
Most notable are:
·
Ahmed
Abdus-shakoor Siddiqui - His only surviving son in USA who is writing books on
his father's works and publishing them.
·
Muhammad
Abdul Razzaq Siddiqui - His grandson and the current Ja-i Nashin or succession seat
holder.
·
Mohammed
Abbas Alam-Bardar Sidduqui - He Teaches Hadees (sihah sittah) and also is
currently responsible for maintaining a library of books and publications by
his grandfather and their reprints.
·
Qazi
Ahmed Bashiruddin Farooqui - His only surviving son-in-law who runs an
organization in Canada to celebrate the anniversaries of the Shaikh and his
Shaikhs. These events are covered by local TV, Radio, and Newspapers.
·
Dr. Iqbal
Ali Khan - Medical Superintendent of Anklesaria Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. He
published the Tafseer-e-Siddiqui in Pakistan and teaches spiritual education as
well.
·
Hazrat
Abdur Rasheed Siddiqui Qadeeri - PhD in Arabic Literature from University of
Karachi. Khalifa of Hazrat Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui RA
His works
Translation of the Quran
He wrote
a Tafsir (Qur'anic exegesis) and published it in the magazine
"Al-Qadeer". When completed, it was printed under the title "Tafseer-e-Siddiqui".
In
addition to this completed tafsir, he also compiled separate commentaries
focused on the first chapter of the Qur'an "Surat al-Fatihah" titled
"Tafsir-e-surat al-Fatihah" as well as the 30th part of the
Qur'an Juz' al-'Amm, which
was titled as Tafsir-e-Latifi.
In this he addressed the womenfolk during the explanation of different verses
and hence the word "Latifi" appears in the title.
Tarjamatul
Quranul Kareem, adopted from Tafseer-e-Siddiqui and published separately in one
volume comprising 1040 pages, a delux edition in three colours
Poetry
All of his
poetry works, whether written in Urdu, Arabic, and Persian, is combined in
"Kulliyyat-e-Hasrat".As
the title Kulliyyat calls for various branches of poetry are included,Ghazal, Qasidah, Marsia, Nazm, Ruba'iyat. It consists of Hamd, Na'at, Manqabat homage to his Shaikh and other Sufi saints of
his order including Abdul Qadir Jilani and Moinuddin Chishti of
Ajmer, India.
Kalam
Siddiqi
wrote a book "Mayaar ul Kalam" in Arabic on the science of Kalam (Dialectical
Theology). That made him known in the Arab world.
Translations
When he
felt that Ibn Arabi's Fusus-al-Hikam was
misunderstood by both the followers and critics of the Shaikh due to his unique
style, Siddiqui decided to have an interpretive translation into Urdu. The translation received critical acclaim, and
was included in the curriculum of many schools most notably the University of Punjab, Lahore.
The
critics of Hanafi School of Fiqh regarded it as a Fiqh of a persons personal
opinion.Professor Siddiqui compiled the Hadiths explicating the jurisprudential details of
the Hanafi School of Law, arguing that the Hanafi School is totally based on
the Quran and the Hadith. This work is titled "Ad-Din" which was written originally in
Arabic and then translated into Urdu.It consists of four sections.
·
1. Kitab
al-'Ilm - Book of Knowledge.
·
2. Kitab
al-Iman - Book of Faith
·
3. Kitab
al-Ihsan - Book of Virtues
·
4. Kitab
al-Islam - Book of Islam
This was
included in the syllabus of Osmania University.
All these
four books are published separately.
Other Works
Siddiqi
had authored more than fifty books apart from the tafseer-e-siddiqui, most of
his Islamic works
are in Urdu which include his books on
Theosophy (tasawwuf).
Among
them are:
·
Al-Tawhid, in
Persian and translated in Urdu by his eldest son Muhammad Abdul Rahim Siddiqi,
·
Hikmat-e- Islamiyyah
·
Al-'Irfan
·
Tafhimat-e Siddiqi
·
Sud ka Mas'alah
·
Haqiqat-e Bay'at
·
Haiqat-e-Meraj
·
Usool-e-Islam
·
Nizamul
Amal-e-Fuqara
Death
Siddiqui
was ill for a long time and, fifteen days before his death, ordered that his
grave be dug in 'Siddique Gulshan'. Siddiqui died on 24 March 1962 at 3:45 pm.
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