Shah
Waliulla
|
Islamic scholar
Shāh Walīullāh |
|
|
Born
|
|
|
Died
|
|
|
Jurisprudence
|
|
|
Creed
|
|
|
Notable work(s)
|
Hujjat Allah
al-baligha (The Conclusive Argument from God)
|
Qutb-ud-Dīn Ahmad ibn 'Abdul Rahīm (Arabic: قطب الدین احمد ابن عبدالرحیم), also known
as Shāh Walīullāh and Shāh WalĪ Allāh(1703–1762 CE / 1114–1176 AH) was an Islamic scholar, reformer and founder of
modern Islamic thought who attempted to reassess Islamic theology in the light
of modern changes.
Life
Shāh Walīullāh was born in 1703, four years before the death of Mughal
emperor Aurangzeb. His genealogy can be traced
back to the family of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab. He received a structured
education and spiritual instruction at the madrasa (religious school)
established by his father, Shah 'Abd al-Rahim, at Delhi. Along with the Qur'an,
he studied Arabic and Persian grammar and literature and the higher
philosophical, theological, metaphysical, mystical and juridical texts. He graduated
from the school when he was barely fifteen years old; in the same year, his
father initiated him into the famous Naqshbandi order. He began his career as a teacher at the Madrasa-e-Rahimia
under the tutelage of his father; after the death of the latter in 1719, Shah
Waliullah became the head of the madrasa, teaching all the current sciences at
the school for about twelve years. During the same period he continued his own
studies, growing in stature as a teacher and attracting students to his circle.
In 1724 he went to the Hijaz on a pilgrimage (Hajj) and stayed there for
eight years studying Hadith and Fiqh under such distinguished scholars as Abu
Tahir bin ibrahim al-Kurdi al-Madani, Wafd Allah al-Makki, and Taj al-Din
al-Qali. During this period he came into contact with people from all parts of
the Muslim world and, thus, obtained first-hand information about the
conditions then prevailing in the various Muslim countries. During this
time, he also saw the forty-seven spiritual visions which form the subject
matter of his famous mystical work Fuyud al-haramayn (Emanations or Spiritual
Visions of Makkah and Madina).
He returned to Delhi in 1733, where he spent the rest of his life in producing
numerous works till his death in 1763 during the reign ofShah Alam II. The most important of Shah Waliullah's works is
his Ḥujjat Allāh al-Bāligha in which he made an attempt to present the
teachings of Islam in a spirit of scientific objectivity. The range of his
works include: economic, political, social, meta-physical, as well as purely
theological aspects.He presented what he considered pure and pristine Islam to
the people.
He wrote letter to Ahmad Shah Durrani to come and conquer India
from the rising Maratha domination.[7] He also translated the Quran from Arabic to
Persian, so that more Muslims could be able to understand the teachings of the
Quran.
List
of works
·
"Hujjatullah Hil Baligha Arabic *"Hujjatullah Hil Baligha Urdu The magnum opus of
Shah has been discussed in the seventh section of this work.
·
Al-Khayr
al-kathir (The Abundant Good)
·
Ḥujjat
Allāh al-Bāligha
·
Sata'at
(Manifestations)
·
Lamahat
(Flashes of Lightning)
·
"Fuyuz Ul Haramain" Arabic & Urdu Fuyud al-haramayn
(Emanations or Spiritual Visions of Makkah and Madina)
·
Al-Budur
al-bazighah (The Full Moons Rising in Splendor)
·
Al-Irshad
ila-Muhimmat-I-Ilm-al-Isnad (Arabic)- is about the scholars of Hejaz who taught
Shah Waliullah.
·
Izalat
al-Khafa 'an Khilafat al- Khulfa (Persian)
·
Al-Fauzul
Kabir Fi Usoolu-Tafseer (Arabics)
·
Atayyab
al-naghm fi Madh-I-Saiyid al- Arab wal-Ajam (Arabic)- A collection of odes
eulogizing Muhammad which speak of Shah's poetic talent and love towards him.
·
Altaf
al-Quds (Persian) - Deals with esoteric principles of mysticism.
·
Al-Imdad-o-fi
Ma'athir al-Ajdad (Persian)- A brochure giving Shah Waliullah’s genealogical
table and containing brief notices about some of his ancestors.
·
Al-Intibah-o-fi
Salasil-il-Aulia Allah (Persian)- Gives the history and brief introduction of
different mystic orders.
·
Insan
al-ain fi Mashikh al-Haeamyn (Persian)
·
Al
insaf-o-fi Bayan-I-Asbab al-Ikhtalaf (Arabic)
·
Al-Budur
al-Bazigha (Arabic)- This work on theology employs philosophical terminology in
discussing human nature and social behavior.
·
Bawariq
al-Wilayah (Persian)- The tract forms part of the Anfas al-Arifin in which the
Shah has described the life and spiritual attainments of his father Shah Abdur
Rahim.
·
Tawil
al-ahadith (Arabic)- It recount the stories of different prophets mentioned in
the Quran in order to draw out lessons and rules of Shariah from the Quranic
describtion.
·
Tuhfatul
Muwahhidin- It is a Persian tract explaining the creed of tauhid.
·
Tarajim-o-Abwab
al-Bukhari (Arabic)- It expounds the principles which would be found helpful in
understanding certain difficult portions of the Bukhari.
·
At-Tafhimat
al-Ilahiyah (Arabic and Persian)- It's a mystical work, partly in Arabic and
partly in Persian, giving the mystical experiences of Shah.
·
Al-Juz
al-Latif fi- Tarjumata al-Abd al- Dhayif(Persian)
·
Hujjat
Allah al-Baligha (Arabic)-
·
"AL Aqeeda tul Hasana" Arbeci & Urdu Husn al-
Aqidah (Arabic)- The fundamental creed of Islam as accepted by the
Ahli-I-Sunnat sect, has been expounded in this work in the light of Quran and
Hadith.
·
Al-Khair
al-Kathir(Arabic)- This work on philosophy of religion elucidates the concept
of m'arifat and wisdom of Divine Names, revelation etc.
·
Ad-durrus
Thamain fi-Mubashshiratil Nabi al-Amin (Arabic)- It is a collection of glad tidings
the Shah and his ancestors had had from Muhammad.
·
Diwan-o-Ashar
(Arabic)- A collection of the Arabic verses of the Shah.
·
Risalah-
was written in reply to certain mystical issues raised by Shaikh 'Abdullah bin
Abdul Baqi.
·
Risalah
Danishmandi (Persian) - A valuable tract containing detailed directions in
regard to methodology of teaching.
·
Zahrawayn-
A commentary on the Surat-ul-Baqarah and Imran.
·
Surur al-
Mahzun (Persia)- It is a concise Persian rendering of the Kitab Nur al-Uyun
il-Amin *al-Mamun a well-known biography of Muhammad.
·
Sharh-o-Tarajim-I-Abwab-I-Sahih
al-Bukhari (Arabic)- is an annotation on certain chapters of the Sahih of
Bukhari.
·
Shifa
al-Qulub (Persian)- is a tract of mysticism.
·
Shawariq
al-Marifat (Persian)- a biography of the Shah's Uncle Shaikh Abdul Raza.
·
Al-Atiyatus
Samadiyah Fi Anfas Al-Muhammadiyah (Persian)- this small brochure contains a
biographical sketch of the Shah's maternal grandfather Shaikh Muhammad Phulti.
·
Iqd
Al-Jid Fi-Aakham Al-Ijtihad Wat-Tajdid (Arabic)
·
Fath-ur-Rahman
(Persian)-a translation of the Quran.
·
Fath-al-Kabir
(Arabic)- A glossary of the intricate words of the Quran.
·
Fath
al-Wadud-li-Marifata-al-Junud(Arabic)- it pertains to the ethics and mysticism.
·
Al fadhl
Al-Mubin Fi Al-Musalsal Min Hadithin Nabi Al-Amin (Arabic)- It is about Hadith
No comments:
Post a Comment